India’s sugarcane industry is a cornerstone of its agricultural economy, providing livelihoods to millions and serving as a primary raw material for sugar and ethanol production. The nation has witnessed significant growth in sugarcane cultivation over the decades, establishing itself as the world’s second-largest producer of sugarcane. However, recent years have presented challenges that have impacted production levels.
In the 2023-24 marketing year, India’s sugar production experienced a 6% decline compared to the previous year. This downturn prompted the government to cap sugar-to-ethanol conversion to maintain domestic sugar stocks during the 2024 general elections.
Despite these fluctuations, certain states continue to lead in sugarcane production, contributing significantly to the nation’s output. Based on the latest available data, here are the top five sugarcane-producing states in India:
1. Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh consistently ranks as the top sugarcane-producing state in India. In the fiscal year 2022-23, the state produced approximately 225.22 million metric tons of sugarcane.
The fertile plains of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers provide ideal conditions for sugarcane cultivation. Major contributing districts include Kanpur, Prayagraj, Lucknow, and Varanasi, where popular varieties like Co 05009 and Co 0239 are cultivated.
2. Maharashtra
Maharashtra holds the second position in sugarcane production. In the same period, the state produced around 123.97 million metric tons.
The rich black soil of the Deccan plateau, particularly in districts like Satara, Ahmednagar, and Pune, offers an ideal environment for sugarcane farming. Commonly cultivated varieties include Co 86032 and CoM 0265.
3. Karnataka
Karnataka ranks third among India’s sugarcane-producing states. In the fiscal year 2022-23, the state produced approximately 62.46 million metric tons. Districts such as Hassan, Tumkur, and Chikmagalur are notable for their sugarcane cultivation, with varieties like SNK 09227 and SNK 09211 being prevalent. The state’s favorable winter season and adequate irrigation facilities contribute to its significant output.
4. Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu stands fourth in sugarcane production. In the fiscal year 2022-23, the state produced around 16.92 million metric tons. The Cauvery and Vaigai river plains, especially in districts like Erode, Thanjavur, and Coimbatore, provide fertile grounds for sugarcane farming. The CoC 13339 variety is predominantly cultivated in these regions.
5. Bihar
Bihar ranks fifth in sugarcane production. In the fiscal year 2022-23, the state contributed approximately 12.06 million metric tons. Major sugarcane-producing districts include Muzaffarpur, Patna, and Bhagalpur. The regions of Saran, East, and West Champaran are also significant contributors, cultivating varieties like Co89029 and CoLk 12209.
It’s important to note that these figures are based on the latest available data, and actual production numbers for 2025 may vary due to factors such as climatic conditions, policy changes, and technological advancements in agriculture.
Challenges and Future Outlook
The sugarcane industry in India faces several challenges, including fluctuating weather patterns, water scarcity, and pest infestations. For instance, in the 2023-24 season, adverse weather conditions, including drought and excessive rains, significantly reduced sugarcane yields in key producing states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh. This led to a sharp decline in production, with estimates suggesting a drop to around 27 million metric tons from the previous year’s 32 million tons.
To address these challenges, the government and agricultural bodies are focusing on developing drought-resistant crop varieties, improving irrigation infrastructure, and providing farmers with better access to market information. Additionally, there is an emphasis on sustainable farming practices to ensure long-term productivity and environmental conservation.
FAQs
1. Which state is the largest producer of sugarcane in India?
Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer, with a production of approximately 225.22 million metric tons in the fiscal year 2022-23.
2. How has Maharashtra’s sugarcane production been affected in recent years?
Maharashtra has faced challenges due to erratic rainfall patterns, impacting its sugarcane yield. In the fiscal year 2022-23, the state produced around 123.97 million metric tons.
3. What factors contribute to Karnataka’s growth in sugarcane production?
Karnataka’s sugarcane production has grown due to an increase in the area under cultivation and enhanced productivity, supported by favorable climatic conditions and improved irrigation facilities.
4. Which regions in Tamil Nadu are known for sugarcane cultivation?
The Cauvery and Vaigai river plains, especially in districts like Erode, Thanjavur, and Coimbatore, are significant contributors to Tamil Nadu’s sugarcane production.
5. How does Bihar support its sugarcane agriculture?
Bihar’s fertile regions, including districts like Muzaffarpur, Patna, and Bhagalpur, support sugarcane cultivation.
Hina Abbasi is Editor and a passionate sports and entertainment content writer at WinnersMaze.com. Hina’s expertise spans across a wide range of sports, and interest in many TV shows allowing her to deliver insightful analysis and compelling stories that resonate with readers.
